When a fluid flows at a constant rate in a pipe or duct, the mass flow rate must be the same at all points along the length. Consider a liquid being pumped into a tank as shown (fig.1). The mass flow rate at any section is m = ρAum ρ = density (kg/m3) um = mean velocity (m/s) A = Cross Sectional Area (m2) Fig.1.1. Water Systems A. Size/Capacity Determination 1. Hazen Williams Friction Coefficient C = 80, higher C coefficient may be used for new mains only upon approval by the City with sufficient documentation to show effects of long-term use. Average day demand = 200 gal/person/day. Peak day demand = 530 gal/person/day. Measurement Guidelines – Issue 9.2 1: Introduction 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Oil & Gas Authority (OGA) The Oil & Gas Authority (OGA) was formed on 1st April 2015, in response to the recommendations set out.
LOCATION.--Lat 43°31'52.3', long 76°02'15.7' referenced to North American Datum of 1983, Oswego County, NY, Hydrologic Unit 04140102, on right bank 30 ft downstream from County Highway 48 in Pineville, 0.8 mi upstream from Trout Brook, and 2.3 mi northwest of Altmar.
DRAINAGE AREA.--238 mi².
PERIOD OF RECORD.--November 1992 to current year.
GAGE.--Water-stage recorder and crest-stage gage. Datum of gage is 477.54 ft above NGVD of 1929 and 475.35 ft above NAVD of 1988.
REMARKS.--Seasonal regulation of flow by Salmon River Reservoir at Redfield. Extensive diurnal fluctuation caused by powerplants at Bennett Bridge and Lighthouse Hill.
Water Years 2014-19: Records good except those for estimated daily discharges, which are fair.
EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum discharge, 17,000 ft³/s, Oct. 1, 2010, gage height, 14.30 ft, from rating curve extended above 8,500 ft³/s on basis of contracted-opening measurement at gage height 16.36 ft; minimum discharge not determined.
EXTREMES OUTSIDE PERIOD OF RECORD.--Flood of Dec. 29, 1984, reached a stage of 16.36 ft, from floodmarks, discharge, 24,800 ft³/s, on basis of contracted-opening measurement of peak flow.
DRAINAGE AREA.--238 mi².
PERIOD OF RECORD.--November 1992 to current year.
GAGE.--Water-stage recorder and crest-stage gage. Datum of gage is 477.54 ft above NGVD of 1929 and 475.35 ft above NAVD of 1988.
REMARKS.--Seasonal regulation of flow by Salmon River Reservoir at Redfield. Extensive diurnal fluctuation caused by powerplants at Bennett Bridge and Lighthouse Hill.
Water Years 2014-19: Records good except those for estimated daily discharges, which are fair.
EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum discharge, 17,000 ft³/s, Oct. 1, 2010, gage height, 14.30 ft, from rating curve extended above 8,500 ft³/s on basis of contracted-opening measurement at gage height 16.36 ft; minimum discharge not determined.
EXTREMES OUTSIDE PERIOD OF RECORD.--Flood of Dec. 29, 1984, reached a stage of 16.36 ft, from floodmarks, discharge, 24,800 ft³/s, on basis of contracted-opening measurement of peak flow.
Essential idea: Structure and function are correlated in the phloem of plants.
The lower power scanning electron micrograph images above show the sieve end plates found on phloem sieve tubes. These perforated walls (in combination with the reduced cytoplasm in sieve cells) gives sieve cells a low resistance to the flow of sap enabling efficient translocation of substances, e.g. sucrose throughout the plant.
Understandings, applications and skills
Liquid Flow 9.2 Downloadrainbowlasopa Calculator
| 9.2.U1 | Plants transport organic compounds from sources to sinks. |
| 9.2.U2 | Incompressibility of water allows transport along hydrostatic pressure gradients. |
| 9.2.U3 | Active transport is used to load organic compounds into phloem sieve tubes at the source. |
| 9.2.U4 | High concentrations of solutes in the phloem at the source lead to water uptake by osmosis. |
| 9.2.U5 | Raised hydrostatic pressure causes the contents of the phloem to flow towards sinks. |
| 9.2.A1 | Structure–function relationships of phloem sieve tubes. |
| 9.2.S1 | Identification of xylem and phloem in microscope images of stem and root. |
| 9.2.S2 | Analysis of data from experiments measuring phloem transport rates using aphid stylets and radioactively-labelled carbon dioxide. |
[Text in square brackets indicates guidance notes]
Presentation and NotesThe presentation is designed to help your understanding. The notes outline is intended to be used as a framework for the development of student notes to aid revision.
| Use the Cornell style template to collate your own notes for Topic 9 - Plant biology
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Nature of science
Liquid Flow 9.2 Downloadrainbowlasopa Meter
Developments in scientific research follow improvements in apparatus—experimental methods for measuring phloem transport rates using aphid stylets and radioactively-labelled carbon dioxide were only possible when radioisotopes became available. (1.8)