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From VGA to HDMI Guide
This article is for you if you are an IT administrator, educator or a tech savvy person who has to deal with different types of audio/video technology and wants to better understand what is involved in, say, connecting VGA to HDMI.
The article will explain the difference between such formats as VGA, DVI, HDMI, and DisplayPort and the most effective ways to connect different kinds of technology in the most effective and cost-efficient ways.
- Aspect ratio
- Display size
- Display resolution
- Color depth
- Refresh rate
Analog vs digital
A digital signal is a signal that consists of discrete values such as 0 and 1. The word discretemeans separate. Applied to signals, it means that a signal can contain a set of numbers or values that stand apart, as opposed to being continuous.
Why did the switch to digital happen?
Digital signals have two main benefits over analog signals.
The first benefit is that digital signals can carry more information. Since an analog signal is continuous, it is impossible to throw information out of it even if it is not necessary. A digital signal is discrete and can contain only the needed information.
The second advantage of digital signals is that they are better at maintaining quality. With analog signals, if a signal is amplified, the noise is also amplified. While noise can add random information to a digital signal, too, the electronics can ignore the noise. This means that the quality of the signal can stay consistently high.
How did analog to digital converters work?
Analog to digital converters replace each real number from the analog signal with a number from a finite set of discrete values.
Fundamentally, VGA standard became the lowest possible denominator for all PC graphics hardware. The original VGA standard specifications were up to 800 horizontal pixels and up to 600 vertical lines with 16-bit or 256-bit color and 256 kilobytes of video ram.
Today, most manufacturers have switched to other standards and do not use the VGA analog interface (not to be confused with the original VGA screen resolution standard) with the blue 3-row 15-pin VGA connector. However, there was a time (around 2010 or so) when manufacturers were using VGA analog interface for the transmission of high-definition video.
The term high-definition applies to video that has 720 horizontal lines or more and an aspect ratio of 16:9. It includes formats such as 1080i, 1080p, 1440p, 4K UHDTV and 8K UHD.
When you connect an old computer to a newer TV and go from, say, VGA to HDMI, it is possible that a picture from your device will not be able to scale to fit the screen of the TV entirely or you will have a mismatch between aspect ratios. If this happens, you have several options. You can try and find a setting that works for both the computer and the TV, show only a part of the picture on the TV screen, or have black bars at the sides of the TV.
In North America, most common standard definition video signal has 576 lines and 50Hz refresh rate.
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There are no standards that describe the connection between quality of the video and the interface. Typically, to transmit higher quality signal, you will need a higher quality cable with coaxial wiring and insulation.
The phasing out of the VGA chipset support and switching to digital alternatives started to occur around 2010. Large manufacturers, such as Intel and AMD, stopped supporting the format by 2015. This means that if your computer or a TV screen was manufactured around 2010, it is likely to have a VGA connector.
If you bought a computer or a TV after 2015, it probably has a connector of one of the different formats you will read about below.
DVI
DVI is short for Digital Visual Interface. It was created in 1999 by Digital Display Working Group with the goal of transmitting uncompressed digital video between displays and display controllers, such as computers and gaming consoles. Notice that the term DVI applies only to a video display interface. Unlike VGA, the term was never associated with screen resolutions or computer display standards.
DVI connectors
There are several types of DVI connectors. The type of connector depends on what kind of signal the connector carries.
DVI-I combines digital and analog signals in the same connector.
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DVI-D carries digital signals only (hence the letter D in its name).
DVI-A carries only analog signals.
Intel and AMD made the announcement about stopping their support for DVI at the same time they announced phasing out the support for VGA in December of 2010. The timeline was also the same for VGA and DVI. Intel and AMD planned to complete the transition by 2015.
HDMI became a de facto standard for the transmission of digital signals. HDMI forum is an organization that was created in 2011 to allow interested parties participate in the development of future HDMI specifications. The forum includes members such as Intel, AMD, Bose, Texas Instruments, Netflix and others.
HDMI connectors
There are five types of HDMI connectors. They are described in the HDMI specifications HDMI 1.0 Specification through HDMI 1.4 Specification. These documents are created by the HDMI forum. As of August 2017, the forum has announced HDMI 2.1, but most of the information in it is about devices that will see the market in 2018 and later.
HDMI and DVI
HDMI is fully compatible with single-link DVI. For this reason, all you need to connect an HDMI device to a single-link DVI is a simple adapter.
VGA to HDMI
There are two most important differences between VGA and HDMI interfaces. The first one is that VGA is an analog interface. HDMI is a digital one. The second difference is that VGA is a video interface and HDMI includes both audio and video. For this reason, you will need not just a cable when connecting a device with a VGA interface to a device with a HDMI interface, but an adapter.
The good news is that such adapters are small in size and very inexpensive. You can get one for about $20.
Typically, devices with the VGA interface have lower video resolution compared to modern HDMI devices. When it comes to computers with VGA interface, lower video resolution is a result of video card limitations. When it comes to older displays with VGA interface, there’s usually an issue of screen resolution limitations.
DisplayPort
DisplayPort was created in 2006 by Dell and later standardized by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA). Just like HDMI, it was introduced to replace VGA and DVI standards. Also just like HDMI, DisplayPort is a digital interface that can transport both audio and video.
Manufacturers that use HDMI have to pay royalties associated with the HDMI standard. DisplayPort is a royalty-free product.The biggest difference between DisplayPort and HDMI for end users is that various sizes of HDMI cables and connectors are available.
DisplayPort has just one cable and only two types of connectors: Standard and Mini.
Wireless streaming
Wireless streaming with HDMI is a term that describes a way to transmit audio and video signals from a device (for example, a computer or a smartphone) to a screen such as a TV without any cables. If you’re interested in hearing more about the technology behind wireless streaming with HDMI, check out our other article Your guide to wireless streaming for HDMI.
Take a look at our comparisons to get a bigger picture on how our wireless solution stacks up against the competition.
Here are 5 great BNC to HDMI converter solutions for security cameras that I highly recommend to customers at CCTV Camera Pros.
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I regularly speak with customers that are looking for a solution to display live video from a security camera on a TV or HDMI monitor. Unfortunately, BNC security cameras do not natively output an HDMI video signal.
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The good news is that that there are reliable and affordable HDMI conversion adapters for all BNC type security cameras, including SDI, HD-TVI, AHD, HDCVI, analog CCTV (CVBS). In addition, just about every video resolution for all of these video formats is also supported, including CIF, D1, 960H, 720p, 1080p, 3 megapixel, 4 megapixel, 5 megapixel, and 4K (8 megapixel).
Here are the 5 solutions for all of the different types of BNC security cameras that are available. You can click on any of these links to jump to a section. Or you can start with the overview of how BNC to HDMI converters work.
How do BNC to HDMI Converters Work?
A BNC to HDMI converter takes video input from a security camera (or other video source) via a BNC input, transforms the video to HDMI format, and outputs the video signal via an HDMI output port for display on a TV monitor.
The above diagram shows how simple it is to install an HDCV-3-T BNC to HDMI converter. This is how it works.
- The orange cable that connects the surveillance camera to the converter box is 75 Ohm coax cable. RG59 Siamese cable is by far the most popular cable for all BNC security camera types, but RG6 can also be used. If you are using a raw spool of RG59 cable, a male BNC connector must be attached to both ends of the cable run. These crimp-on style BNC connectors are the most popular and that page contains a video on how-to cut, attach, and crimp them on to cable.
- Notice that the HDCV-3-t converter that is used in the diagram has two BNC connectors. One is the BNC input that the camera connects to. The second is a loop output. The loop output can be used to connect to another device (including a second) HDMI converter if you want to display live video on a second monitor. Please note that not all converters have a BNC loop output.
- The purple line represents a standard HDMI cable that runs from the HDMI video output of the converter box to the HDMI input on the TV or monitor.
- The converter box comes with a 12V DC power supply which is not pictures in the diagram.
1) AHD-CV7 AHD to HDMI Converter
AHD stands for analog high definition. AHD security cameras are sometimes referred to as HD-CCTV cameras. If you are not familiar, please read my article “What is AHD?”.
The HDCV-3-T that was used in the above “how they work” diagram supports AHD to HDMI conversion. It supports the following AHD video resolutions: 720p, 1080p, 3 megapixel, 4 megapixel, and 5 megapixel.
The AHD-CV7 (pictured directly above) is another AHD to HDMI converter that I highly recommend. In addition to the HDMI output, the AHD-CV7 also has a VGA output so that it can be used as an AHD to VGA converter. The HDMI and VGA output can actually be used at the same time to output video to two different monitors. The AHD-CV7 is compatible with 1080p and 720p AHD security cameras.
2) HDCV-3-T HD-TVI to HDMI Converter
HD-TVI stands for High Definition Transport Video Interface. It is another HD security camera video format that runs over 75 Ohm coaxial cable, like RG59.
The HDCV-3-T TVI to HDMI converter works great. It supports the following HD-TVI camera resolutions: 720p, 1080p, 3 megapixel, 4 megapixel, 5 megapixel, and 4K / 8 megapixel. Please note that regardless of the resolution of the video input, the HDMI output is always 1080p.
3) SDI-CR1 SDI to HDMI Converter
SDI stands for serial digital interface. SDI supports multiple sub-formats that produce different video resolutions, such as SD-SDI, HD-SDI, dual link HD-SDI and 3G-SDI. HD-SDI stands for high-definition serial digital interface and became a popular video standard used in security cameras around 2008. HD-SDI security cameras are still used in 2019, however, they are much less popular since AHD and HD-TVI was invented.
The SDI-CR1 SDI to HDMI converter works great with the following SDI formats: SD-SDI, HD-SDI, and 3G SDI. These resolutions are supported: 720p/50Hz, 720p/60Hz, 1080i/50Hz, 1080i/60Hz, 1080p/24/25/30/50/60Hz. It has a single BNC SDI video input and one HDMI output. The HDI-CR1 does not have a BNC loop output like some of the other converters do.
4) VM-HD4 HD Multiplexer / CCTV to HDMI Converter
Analog CCTV cameras (CVBS) have been around for decades. They have evolved a lot over the years and are still in use today. Although, HD security cameras are replacing them more and more.
I have found the VM-HD4 4 channel HD CCTV multiplexer is a much better value than any single channel CCTV to HDMI converter on the market. In case you re not familiar with what a video multiplexer does, it combines the video signal from multiple cameras and lets the user control different video layouts including single, dual, and 4 camera layouts.
Here is the back of the VM-HD4. It has 4 BNC video inputs, 2 analog BNC video outputs, 1 HDMI out, and 1 VGA out. The HDMI and VGA output 1080p HD video.
With a single CCTV camera connected to the VM-HD4 and the video display output set to the single camera view, this video multiplexer is essentially acting as a CCTV to HDMI converter. With the VGA output, this device can act as a BNC to VGA converter.
Here is a single camera view captured from the HDMI output of the VM-HD4.
Here is the 4 camera quad view of the VM-HD4. When users use this multiplexer with more than one camera, they can switch between screen layouts using the wireless remote control that is included. You can see additional screen layouts that are supported here.
5) HDCV-3-C HD-CVI to HDMI Converter
The HDCV-3-C is an HD-CVI to HDMI converter that is compatible with 720p, 1080p, 4 megapixel, and 4K (8 megapixel) HD-CVI security cameras. This is the same product as the HDCV-3-T. Both of these converter boxes are compatible with HD-CVI, HD-TVI, and AHD cameras.
HDMI Video Converter Adapter Compatibility
Every coax cable and BNC based security camera uses one of the video standards discussed in this article (AHD, HD-TVI, HD-CVI, SDI, analog CCTV / CVBS). Some manufacturers try to hide the video format that their cameras and DVRs use so that customers believe that they must buy additional equipment only from that manufacturer for it to work properly. This could not be further from the truth.
My company, CCTV Camera Pros, does the opposite. We believe in 100% transparency and we document technology as thorough as we can. We want customers to be properly educated so that they can make the best decision when shopping for a security equipment supplier. In addition to the converters discussed in this article being compatible with cameras from CCTV Camera Pros, they are also compatible with surveillance cameras from all other manufacturers including Samsung, Lorex, Night Owl, Swann, Samsung, QSee, Defender, and more.
If are having trouble determining what type of security camera you have, please contact me here via email.
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